اثربخشی آموزش مهارت‌های زندگی بر بهزیستی روانشناختی، مهارت‌های ارتباطی و استرس والدگریِ مادرانِ کودکانِ کم‌توانِ ذهنی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری رشته روانشناسی تربیتی، گروه روانشناسی، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران

2 نویسنده مسئول، استاد گروه روانشناسی، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران.

3 استاد گروه روانشناسی و مشاوره، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه: با توجه ویژه­ای که در سال­های اخیر نسبت به آموزش مهارت­های زندگی در زندگی روزمره و تربیت کودکان کم توان ذهنی در حوزه های خانوادگی مشاهده می­شود مقاله حاضر با هدف اثربخشی آموزش مهارت­های زندگی بر بهزیستی روانشناختی، مهارت­های ارتباطی و استرس والدگری مادران کودکان کم­توان ذهنی انجام شد. روش پژوهش نیمه­آزمایشی با طرح پیش­آزمون-پس­آزمون با گروه کنترل است.
روش پژوهش: جامعه آماری، کلیه مادرانِ دانش آموزانِ کم توان ذهنی مدارس استثنایی شهر ارومیه در سالتحصیلی400-1399 بودند که با استفاده از روش نمونه­گیری در دسترس40 نفر به عنوان نمونه جهت اجرای پژوهش انتخاب شدند و  به صورت دو گروه آزمایش(20 نفر) وکنترل(20 نفر) گمارده شدند. جهت سنجش بهزیستی روانشناختی از پرسشنامه ریف، جهت سنجش مهارت­های ارتباطی از پرسشنامه ماتسون و جهت سنجش استرس والدگری مادران از پرسشنامه آبیدین استفاده شد. روایی ابزارها توسط متخصصان تایید شد و پایایی ابزار با آلفای کرون­باخ سنجش و مورد تایید واقع شدند(7/0<α). قبل از اجرای مداخله از هر دو گروه پیش­آزمون بهزیستی روانشناختی، مهارت­های ارتباطی و استرس والدگری مادران به عمل آمد. گروه آزمایش مهارت­های زندگی را از طریق پکیج آموزشی در10 جلسه دریافت کرد و گروه کنترل هیچگونه مداخله آموزشی دریافت نکرد. پس از اجرای مداخله در مرحله پس­آزمون، هر دوگروه مجدا ابزارهای مرحله پیش­آزمون را پاسخ دادند. داده­ها با استفاده از آزمون کواریانس تک­متغیره و کواریانس چندمتغیره تجزیه و تحلیل شدند.
یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد آموزش مهارت­های زندگی در افزایش بهزیستی روانشناختی و پنج خرده­مقیاس آن و مهارت­های ارتباطی و همچنین کاهش استرس ­والدگری و خرده­مقیاس­های آن اثربخش بوده است(05/0> p).
نتیجه گیری: با توجه به اثربخشی مهارت­های زندگی در پژوهش حاضر؛ پیشنهاد می­شود مدیریت مدارس استثنایی به برقراری ارتباط بین مسئولین مدرسه با مادرانِ­ دارای­کودکِ کم­توان­ذهنی از طریق برگزاری جلسات آموزشِ مهارت­های زندگی و مشاوره به آنها در راستای بهبود وضعیت بهزیستی­روانشناختی، مهارت­های ارتباطی و کاهش استرس والدگری اینگونه مادران اهتمام ورزند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effectiveness of Life Skills Training on the Psychological Well-being, Communication Skill and Maternal Parenting Stress of Mothers of Children with Intellectual Disability

نویسندگان [English]

  • Masoomeh sarhangi 1
  • SeyyedDavood HoseiniNasab 2
  • Amir panahali 3
1 Ph.D candidate of Educational Psychology, Department of Psychology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
2 Professor, Department of Psychology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran. * Corresponding Author, E-mail: davoodhosseininasab@gmail.com
3 Professor, Department of Psychology and Counseling, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction: The present article was done with the aim to investigate the effectiveness of Life Skills therapy on the psychological well-being, communication skills and maternal parenting stress of mothers of Children with Intellectual Disability.
Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental method with a pretest and posttest design plus control group. The statistical society of the study consisted of all the mothers of Children with Intellectual Disability in exceptional schools of Urmia city during 2021-2022; among them 40 students were selected in available sampling method as the sample case and categorized in experimental group (20 children) and control group (20 children). Data collection instruments included Riff psychological well-being questionnaire, Matson scale to evaluate mothers’ communication skills and Abidin (1983) to estimate maternal parenting stress level. The validity of research instruments was confirmed by the approval of specialists and the reliability was estimated and approved by calculating Cronbach alpha coefficient (α> 0.7). Prior to the study, pre-test of psychological well-being, communication skills and maternal parenting stress was implemented in both groups. The experimental group received life skills therapy through the training package in 10 sessions, but the control group did not receive any training therapy. After the training course in the post-test stage, both of the groups answered to the same questionnaire of pre-test stage. The research data was analyzed with one way and Multivariate Covariance Analysis.
Results: The results revealed that life skills therapy had a positive effect on the increase of psychological well-being and its five subscales, communication skills and maternal parenting stress and its subscales(P<0.05).
Conclusion: According to the effectiveness of life skills therapy in the present research, it was suggested to the principles of exceptional schools to establish relations among school officials and mothers with intellectually disabled children, through life skills training and counseling sessions to improve these mothers’ psychological well-being and communication skills and also, to reduce their parenting stress.  

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خانواده و بهداشت
دوره 11، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 28
مقالات
مرداد 1400
صفحه 164-185

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 20 خرداد 1400
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 03 شهریور 1400
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 31 شهریور 1400

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